Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Peter Ertl
Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Keynote: Monitoring onset of bone healing kinetics and early transplant rejection using implantable titanium dioxide-coated bioimpedance sensors
Biography:
Peter Ertl holds an Engineering degree in Biotechnology (BOKU, Austria), a PhD in Chemistry (Univ. Waterloo, Canada) and has received his Post-doctoral Training as a Biophysicist from University of California at Berkeley (US). In 2003, he co-founded a biotech start-up company where he served for many years as Director of Product Development in Kitchener-Waterloo (CAD) developing bench-top sized cell analyzers. In 2005, he started working as a Senior Scientist in the BioSensor Technology Unit at the AIT Austrian Institute of Technology. In 2016, he was appointed as the Professor for Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Bioscience Technologies at Vienna University of Technology, where his research focuses on the development of Organs-on-a-chip and Chips-in-organ systems for Biomedical Research.
Abstract:
In Western societies, the steady increase in human life expectancy is posing a significant socioeconomic challenge to maintain existing medical therapy standards and health care solutions for senior patients. It is also well known that elderly patients exhibit a significantly higher risk of complications following surgery. To prevent postoperative and long-term medical complications, an important strategy of medical traumatology involves repeated follow-up examinations using a variety of in vivo imaging technologies and in vitro assessment methods of biopsies. To improve early diagnosis of failed implant integration and tissue rejection, we have developed two implantable titanium dioxide-coated bio-impedance sensors to enable personalized therapeutic interventions during impaired bone healing and organ transplant rejection. In the case of endosseous implants, which are routinely applied in tissue reconstruction after long bone, spine and craniomaxillofacial injuries, the development of a prognostic non-invasive imaging technology capable of monitoring dynamic bone formation in situ is expected to deepen our understanding of osseous integration at the implant-tissue bio-interface. Results of our study revealed distinct differences between granulation and soft tissue formation within two weeks after implantation, thus allowing the accurate assessment of bone healing prior the formation of a cortical bone layer in subcritical defects of rabbit calvaria. Every transplanted tissue and solid organ bears the risk of rejection, which can finally result in the loss of the transplant with falling back into disability or even death. Tissue biopsies are used today to detect and monitor tissue or solid organ rejection episodes. Detection of early stages of rejection and continuous monitoring can therefore prevent severe organ impairment or even loss of function. To overcome limitations of the state of the art rejection monitoring methods, we have developed titanium-dioxide coated implantable biosensors for transplant rejection monitoring.
Keynote Forum
Baki karaboce
National Metrology Institute of Turkey, Turkey
Keynote: Metrological approach in medical measurements
Biography:
Baki Karaböce has completed his PhD at Yeditepe Univertsity in Ä°stanbul in 2014. He is the Head of Medical Metrology Laboratory and Head of Medical Metrology Focus Group at National Metrology Institute of Turkey. He is a member of EURAMET-European Association of National Metrology Institutes, Task Group Health and Ultrasound subcommittee. He has published more than 30 papers in journals and has been serving as steering committee member of IEEE MeMeA-Medical Measurements and Applications Symposium.
Abstract:
Test, measurement and calibration of medical equipment is becoming increasingly significant, when accuracy in diagnosis and effectiveness in treatment are required. Calibration and testing of medical devices are one of the most important and critical issue in metrology field. Metrology link is not well established for measurements in medical field; however, metrological traceability has been well established for measurements in technical and military field. For the medical device industry and applications in health sector, nothing counts more than the safety of a patient. Therefore, all hospitals and medical equipment manufacturers have to perform periodic testing and calibration of equipment, as a quality control regime that guarantees the reliability of medical devices. A feasibility study has been carried out and a report was published last year at TÜBÄ°TAK UME (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, National Metrology Institute) in order to outline the current situation in the country and in the world. A roadmap was prepared for providing reliability and metrological traceability in medical measurements. Medical metrology research laboratory has been established and a number of medical device design projects were initiated.
- BioMedical Device Engineering | Bio Engineering | Radiation Oncology | Clinical Physics and Patient Safety | Biophysics | Bio Mechanics | Biomedical Physics | Dosimetry
Session Introduction
Marta Drazkowska
Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Title: Evaluation of different knee joint kinematic models
Biography:
Marta Drazkowska has completed her Master’s degree from Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Computing. She did her PhD studies in the field of Rehabilitation Robotics. She has participated in the project aiming to construct the knee joint rehabilitation manipulator for patients with Ilizarov apparatus. Her main tasks included adaptive control of 1DOF flexible manipulator enabling execution of basic rehabilitation trainings, as well as the construction of passive element altering the rotation axis in knee joint.
Abstract:
In this paper, we focus on estimation of knee joint kinematics in sagittal plane. Assuming that the femur is a fixed segment during movement, the proper characteristic points are assigned on tibia. The proposed model, namely the ellipse normal method (ENM), approximates the trajectories of each point by the ellipse curves. Therefore, the model could be easily incorporated in the design stage of rehabilitation manipulator. The passive flexion movement for a seven year old subject, undergoing the distraction osteogenesis, is recorded via single plane fluoroscopy. Specific bone landmarks and shapes corresponding to tibial condyles and shaft are assigned on the images and are used as initial data. The real movement of tibia towards femur is compared with three different approximation models. The following kinematic models are discussed: The arcs of two circles rolling on the flat plane (proposed by Iwaki et al.), ellipse rolling on another ellipse (proposed by Lee et al.), and ENM. The mechanical axes positions in the function of the flexion angle are evaluated for each presented model. The ENM proves to be the most reliable in terms of approximation of real knee movement..
Biography:
Maksim Pudovkin completed his Graduation from Kazan Federal University, Institute of Physics. He is pursuing his PhD at Kazan Federal University. His academic advisor is Professor Vadim Semashko. He has published four papers in reputed journals and taken part in more than six international conferences. His scientific interests include “Biophysics, optics, microbiology, EPR spectroscopy and medical physics”.
Abstract:
Rare-earth doped fluoride nanoparticles (NPs) are promising photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. In this study, intrinsic cytotoxicity and photoinduced toxicity of two different preparations of Pr:LaF3 (CPr=30%), PrF3 and LaF3 NPs were explored. NPs intrinsic cytotoxicity was tested toward four eukaryotic cell-model systems (A459, SW837, MCF7 and Colo320, human tumor cell lines) and prokaryotic (Salmonella typhimurium TA 100) as well. Cancer cell overgrowth (A459, SW837 and MCF7) was detected after treatment with the first NPs preparation at three concentrations (5 mM, 1 mM, 0.5 mM). To overcome this issue, a new NPs synthesis was performed. New Pr:LaF3 NPs (hydrodynamic radius 18±1 nm) were not toxic toward Colo320 and Salmonella cells at millimolar concentrations (survival 96% and 94% for 1 mM and 0.5 mM respectively), whereas for the other three cell lines experiments are ongoing. NPs photoinduced toxicity was obtained with lasers at 473, 532, 605, and 750 nm continuous wave (CW) as well as pulse lasers (average power density 1.3 mW/cm2). Best phototoxicity was achieved in Salmonella in presence of Pr:LaF3 (survival of 51%, 20%, 36%, and 29% for 473, 532, 605 and 750 nm respectively). Furthermore, pulse laser irradiation itself was toxic for bacteria at 1.3 mV/cm2 and the survivals were 62%, 61%, 48%, and 46% for 473, 532, 605 and 750 nm respectively. Survivals of the bacteria for 473, 532 nm CW irradiations were 25%, 41% for 473 nm, 532 nm respectively. Finally, 473, 532 nm CW laser irradiations
were not toxic against bacteria at 1.3 mW/cm2.
Richard L. Morin
Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, USA
Title: Medical Physics and Communication: Cool Hand Luke?
Biography:
Richard L Morin is a Brooks-Hollern Professor at Mayo Medical School. He completed his PhD in Medical Physics at University of Oklahoma. He is the Director of Physics in Radiology at Mayo Clinic, Florida. He is a former President, Chairman of the Board of the AAPM and member of ACR Board of Chancellors, ABR & ABII Trustee. He has received the Coolidge Gold Medal Award from American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and from American Roentgen Ray Society.
Abstract:
While it might seem a medical physicist responds with a great deal of detailed information when someone wants is a single number or a yes or a no, there are reasons why this occurs. First of all, the training backgrounds for physicians and medical physicists are quite different. Medical physicists come from an academic structure and training whose focus is on details and quantitative responses. However, those details are often not memorized but calculated or estimated on the fly as they are needed to respond to questions. This is quite different from the training background which requires detailed memorization of anatomy or syndromes or differentials. This difference in training does not become apparent for Medical Physicists that are solely in scientific teaching environments or in research environments. However, it becomes apparent in clinical environments. In this setting clinicians (both Radiologists and non-Radiologists) often wish for a single concise quick answer to a question that could be very complicated such as the risk of cancer for a CT exam. Within the Medical Physics community it became quite apparent to examiners at the ABR oral boards that this communication challenge was very often due to the lack of clinical experience. Interestingly, this lead to the creation of medical physics residency programs. With residencies becoming a necessity to become board certified in Medical Physics there is hope that the future will not have as many failures to communicate as in the past.
Rabah Al abdi
Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
Title: Evaluation of Mental Stress by Measuring Four Physiological Signals Simultaneously
Biography:
Conducting a mental stress monitoring is considered an important approach to prevent stress-related diseases. Many of the used techniques for evaluating stress level are based on measuring one or two physiological parameters; which may not be sufficient to measure stress accurately. In this study, we describe a low-cost and easy to operate device that can be used to evaluate the level of mental stress based on measuring four physiological parameters; eye pupil diameter, galvanic skin response, respiratory rate, and heart rate. A 5 MP Raspberry Pi camera is used to image the left eye of a subject under controlled light intensity of both eyes by turning on/off five LEDs in front of each eye, individually. Heart rate is measured using reflected infrared Photoplethysmography placed on a volunteer’s finger. Skin resistance is measured by passing safe electric current (1 μA) using two galvanic skin electrodes in direct contact with the skin. Finally, the respiratory rate is measured using high accuracy thermistor placed close to outlet of right or left nostrils. The camera, sensors, and LEDs are all connected to a Raspberry Pi microprocessor in order to control their operations, acquire signals and images, and transfer them into a PC. Signals and image processing and feature extraction are performed using Matlab software. Graphical user interface is developed to real-time control the device and show the measured parameters. Experimental results will be presented to support the device’s ability in measuring mental stress under conditions of rest and controlled provocation.
Abstract:
Rabah M Al Abdi received his BSc in Biomedical Engineering (BME) from Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) in 2003 with an Excellent GPA. He got a full scholarship from JUST to complete his higher education. He received his MSc in BME from Polytechnic Institute of New York University in 2007 and his PhD in BME from State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center in 2012. He is currently an Assistant Professor at JUST. His research interest includes the development of medical instrumentationand images processing. He has published 5 papers in reputed journals and one patent.
Giovannai Messina
University of Foggia, Italy
Title: Galvanic skin response and serum orexin A levels in humans increase during aerobic exercise
Biography:
Messina Giovanni has a degree in Medicine and Surgery, specialized in Nutrition and Sports Medicine, has a PhD in Food and Health at the Second University of Naples, Italy; He is Assistant Professor of Physiology and Human Nutrition at the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - University of Foggia.
Abstract:
Introduction: Orexin-A is a hypothalamic neuropeptide produced in the dorsal and lateral hypothalamus and orexin-producing cells have widespread anatomical projections within the central nervous system. Orexin-A is involved in multiple physiological functions, including eating behavior, thermoregulation and sleep-regulation.
Aim: As the exercise elicits stimulation of the sympathetic activity and temperature rise, the purpose of this experiment is to reveal possible association between exercise and plasmatic concentration of orexin-A which is a peptide involved in the sympathetic and thermogenic reactions. Materials & Methods: Blood samples were collected from participants (men, n=20) before (times 0 and 15 min.) and after (times 30, 45, 60 min.) a cycle ergometer exercise at 75 W for 15 min. Also heart rate, galvanic skin response and rectal temperature were
monitored. Results: The exercise induced a significant increase (p<0.01) in plasmatic orexin A with a peak at 30 min after the exercise bout in association with an increase of the other three monitored variables: HR (p<0.01), GSR (p<0.05) and rectal temperature (p<0.01). Conclusion: These findings are the first demonstration which indicates that plasmatic orexin-A, heart rate, galvanic skin response and rectal temperature is involved in the reactions to aerobic exercise.
Hugo Giambini
Mayo Clinic, USA
Title: Extensibility of the supraspinatus muscle is affected by intramuscular fat
Biography:
Hugo Giambini has completed his PhD from Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA in 2013 in the area of Biomedical Engineering. He completed his Post-doctoral Fellowship in the Biomechanics Laboratory of Mayo Clinic. He is currently working in the Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory at Mayo Clinic. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals and his work has been recognized by distinguished organizations including the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine (ISSLS). He is currently serving as an active member of several societies including the Orthopedic Research Society, and is a reviewer for several journals.
Abstract:
Rotator cuff tears result in muscle atrophy and fat infiltration within the rotator cuff muscles. Surgical options available and the extensibility of a torn cuff tendon and muscle are highly individualized. A decrease in the extensibility can lead to incomplete reconstruction and may require additional surgical procedures. Additionally, excessive tensile forces during surgery can lead to gap formation and failure at the repair site. An estimation of the supraspinatus (SSP) muscle extensibility is useful in selecting the most appropriate surgical procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine if non-invasive quantitative assessment of intramuscular fat using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be used to predict extensibility of the SSP. Seventeen cadaveric shoulders were imaged to 1) qualitatively assess intramuscular fat using classification systems routinely used in the clinic, and 2) quantitatively assess fat infiltration (fat fraction). The SSP muscles were secured in a custom-designed set-up which allowed for extensibility (mm) and load (N) recordings. Muscles were stained with H&E for fatty evaluation. Pearson correlation coefficients and t-test were used to assess significant differences. Fat fraction positively correlated with histological findings. Fat fraction also presented a positive and high correlation with extensibility (r=0.69; p=0.002). Interestingly, extensibility was not significantly different between shoulders graded with a higher fat content vs. those with low fat when implementing clinical classification systems. A non-invasive prediction of whole-muscle extensibility can directly guide in pre-operative planning to determine if the torn edge could efficiently cover the original footprint; aid in prognosis, and postoperative evaluation of rotator cuff repair.
Lukasz Boguszewicz
Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Poland
Title: 1H NMR based metabolomic approach to monitoring of the head and neck cancer treatment toxicity
Biography:
Lukasz Boguszewicz has completed his PhD in Physics at University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland in 2014. He has 10 years of experience in working as a Researcher in a leading cancer research and treatment institute in Poland. He also specializes in “Multivariate statistical methods, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging”.
Abstract:
Sequential and concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, a standard organ preservation treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), results in temporary or permanent toxicity considered as changes in normal tissues and/or involved regions. We aimed to investigate molecular processes reflecting acute radiation sequelae (ARS) in HNSCC patients using 1H NMRbased metabolomics of blood serum. 45 HNSCC patients were treated with radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy (RT/CHRT). Severity
of ARS was monitored throughout and after the treatment until the resolution of all the ARS symptoms. The patients were divided into two classes (of high and low ARS) on the basis of the highest individual ARS value observed during the treatment. Blood samples were collected within a week after RT/CHRT completion. 1H NMR spectra of serum samples were acquired on a 400.13 MHz spectrometer at 310 K and analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant
analysis (OPLS-DA). The metabolic features characteristic for high ARS are the increased signals of N-acetyl-glycoprotein (NAG) and acetate, as well as decrease of choline and the metabolites involved in energy metabolism, such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), alanine, creatinine, carnitine and glucose. NAG was found to be positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP), while alanine and BCAAs showed negative correlation with CRP. We also observed a positive correlation between acetate and a percentageweight- loss during the treatment. The results indicate at least three concomitant processes related to high ARS, inflammation, altered energy metabolism and disturbed membrane metabolism.
Khalid Rabaeh
Hashemite University, Jordan
Title: Radiation induced Polymerization of N-(Hydroxymethyl) Acrylamide Polymer Gel Dosimeters for Radiation Therapy
Biography:
khalid A. rabaeh is a Prof. Assistant of Applied Radiation, Hashemite University Radation Dosimetry, Radiotherapy, Food Irradiation. He has published many articles.
Abstract:
Polymer gel dosimeters are tissue equivalent martial that fabricated from radiation sensitive chemicals which, upon irradiation, polymerize as a function of absorbed radiation dose. Polymer gel dosimeters can uniquely record the radiation dose distribution in three-dimensions (3D). A novel composition of polymer gel dosimeters based on radiation-induced polymerization of N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (NHMA) is introduced in this study for radiotherapy treatment planning. The dosimeters were irradiated by 10 MV photon beam of a medical linear accelerator at a constant dose rate of 600 cGy/min with doses up to 30 Gy. The polymerization degree is directly proportional to absorbed dose received by the polymer gel. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear magnetic imaging (NMR) were used to investigate the relaxation rate (R2) of water proton of irradiated NHMA gel which is associated to the degree of polymerization of polymer gel dosimeters. R2 increases with absorbed dose for all gel dosimeters in the dose range between 0 and 30 Gy. Dose rate, energy of radiation and the stability of the polymerization after irradiation were investigated. No appreciable effects of these parameters on the performance of the novel gel dosimeters were observed.
Narjes Benameur
Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
Title: Assessment of cardiac contraction using Hilbert transforms
Biography:
Narjes Benameur is pursuing her Doctoral degree in Biophysics at High Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis-Tunisia. She is a member of Biophysics and Medical Technologies Laboratory at the same institute. She contributed to many conferences in the area of Medical Image Analysis and Cardiology with oral presentations. Her research interest includes “Cardiac imaging and new methods for the quantification of cardiac contraction”.
Abstract:
Magnetic resonance imaging is the most used technique for the quantification of cardiac movement thanks to the tagged MRI sequence considered as the reference technique for the quantitative assessment of the heart's contraction. Nevertheless, this technique suffers from some limitations such as the fading of the tags before the cardiac cycle and its acquisition protocol which causes a loss of some of the quality characteristics of MRI image in particular its contrast. The objective of this work is to propose a method to calculate from the cine-MRI sequence, a parametric image showing the quantification of cardiac motion. The proposed method allows quantifying all the contraction amplitudes during a cardiac cycle into one image calculated from the analytical signals extracted from each pixel of the cine-MRI images. The originality of the proposed method is to calculate and quantify the instantaneous amplitudes of contraction through the mathematical tool “the Hilbert transform” which is well suited for cardiac signals characterized by their non-stationary aspect. We tested this method on a population consisting of healthy and pathological cases carriers of myocarditis and infarction. Comparing the results to those obtained with other methods, the proposed method shows a better performance for regional localization of cardiac contraction.
- BioMedical Device Engineering | Biomaterials and Artificial organs | Biomedical Engineering and Cancer | Clinical Physics and Patient Safety | Radiology
Session Introduction
Susan B.Klein
Indiana University Bloomington, USA
Title: Radiation therapy in a world of alternative treatments
Biography:
Susan B Klein completed her PhD in Biophysics at University of California (Berkeley) in 1986. She completed her Post-doctoral training at University of Michigan in Biophysics and Radiation Oncology. After several years of bioengineering, she joined Indiana University Cyclotron Facility in 1990 where she examined proton radiation biology and began practicing medical physics. She is one of the seven intellectual property holders of the design, fabrication and operation of Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute. She is currently an Associate Director at Indiana University-Purdue University.
Abstract:
Precision medicine, immunotherapy, angiogenesis inhibitors, ablation therapy and targeted therapy have gained considerable attention in the popular press, scientific literature and funding agencies. The volume and mass of media attention would lead one to believe that radiation therapy has been cast out of medical favor. Nonetheless, two-thirds to one-half of all cancer patients are currently treated with radiation, depending on the source of the statistic. Two mandates are driving advances in cancer therapy. The first is a point by point response to therapeutic failure; an effort to improve the efficacy of the therapy. The second strives to improve the selectivity of the targeted insult–medical physicists refer to this as minimizing the integral dose to healthy tissue. Notwithstanding the discovery of a silver bullet- a treatment that successfully cures all cancers, an examination of the advances in cancer therapy options with an eye toward target selectivity is valuable for a multidisciplinary approach to disease intervention..
Myoung-Ryul ok
Korea Institute of Science & Technology, S. korea
Title: Device-free generation of hydrogen peroxide for promoting angiogenesis by coupling Mg and Ti alloy
Biography:
Myoung-Ryul Ok has completed his PhD in 2013 from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Materials Science) for his works covering softlithographic nano/ micro patterning and solar energy harvesting. Since 2014, he has been investigating biomaterials and new biomedical devices at the Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST) as a Senior Research Scientist. He is pursuing new biomedical technologies by incorporating different fields, e.g. nanomaterials, energy systems, biodedical engineering, etc.
Abstract:
It is well known that appropriate level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can promote angiogenesis in biological systems. Although the application of ROS has been extensively studied in vitro and in vivo to stimulate the new vessel formation, those systems employ external stimuli such as light or electrical energy to produce ROS via photocatalytic or electrochemical reactions, which limits their clinical applications. Here, two different types of biocompatible metals were used to construct a novel device-free electrochemical system that can spontaneously generate H2O2 without any external light or electric current. The corrosion of Mg generates electrons which can be transferred to oxidized Ti in an energetically favorable process, and consumed for the generation of H2O2 in an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Combined spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses revealed the occurrence of ORR at the surface of titanium, the main materials of the conventional medical implants. The controlled generation of H2O2 noticeably enhanced in vitro angiogenesis even in the absence of growth factors. A prototype titanium-magnesium implant was suggested, and its potential for promoting in vitro angiogenesis was demonstrated.
Aseel Al Jaboori
Leeds university, UK
Title: Tissue engineering solutions to enhance osseointegration process of the dental implants
Biography:
Aseel Al-Jaboori has completed her MSc in Prosthetic Dentistry from the University of Baghdad, School of Dentistry. She is currently a PhD student at the University of Leeds School of Dentistry, UK..
Abstract:
Implants are often modified by coating with calcium phosphate materials like fluorapatite to enhance bone anchorage to the implants (osseointegration). Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) also used in implant applications as it contains high concentrations of growth factors essential for rapid wound healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of FA coatings and PRP combination on osteoblast cell adhesion, growth and proliferation. Stainless steel discs were coated with FA crystals using a hydrothermal method. The coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). PRP was obtained from blood donors. Cell attachment and growth of G292 osteosarcoma cell line on FA coated discs +/- PRP gel or its extract (PRP relesate) were investigated using SEM/confocal microscope and DNA content quantification at 1, 3 and 7 days. At the microscopic level, FA crystals showed two different growth patterns on the stainless steel discs; disorganised on upper disc surfaces and organised on under surfaces. No significant difference was found between the chemical compositions of the two coatings. Both FA coatings supported the initial adhesion and attachment of the cells. However, organised coatings promoted a greater cellular proliferation compared to the disorganized coatings (P<0.05). PRP gel enhanced significant cell growth on both surfaces (P<0.001). Furthermore, adding PRP relesate to the cell culture induced a significant increase in DNA content compared to the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study suggests that PRP can enhance the biocompatibility of FA coated implants.
Abdoul Karim Mamadou Saidou
Hassan I University , Morocco
Title: Analysis of dosimetric properties of alanine/epr system for low dose radiations used in radiotherapy
Biography:
A Mamadou Saidou has completed his Master’s degree from Hassan I University in Morocco and he is currently enrolled in PhD program in the same university. His research field is “Medical physics particularly spectroscopy and dosimetry applied in the field of radiotherapy”.
Abstract:
The use of radiation beams in radiotherapy requires effective dosimetry to protect the patient from potential dangerous effects
of irradiation. In vivo dosimetry allows the control and precise evaluation of attributed dose during radiotherapy treatment by
using accurate dosimeter. Some previous studies have revealed that the alanine/EPR system has interesting dosimetric properties. In this study, we have analyzed the dosimetric properties of alanine irradiated by 6 MeV electron beams which is usually used for radiotherapy treatment. Irradiation doses undertaking vary from 0-20 Gy. EPR measurements show that the rate of produced free radicals is proportional to the absorbed dose, whereas the minimal detectable dose is 1 Gy. A small quantity of alanine is efficient to elaborate pellets for dosimetric purpose. Furthermore, the free radicals created after irradiations are stable during the period of storage.
Zehavit Eizig
Bar Ilan University, Israel
Title: Analysis of the Spectroscopic Aspects of the Cationic Dye Basic Orange 21 in bulk, and particularly in leukocytes
Biography:
Zehavit Eizig received her B.Sc in Biomedical Engineering in 2007 from Lev Academic Center, Jerusalem College of Technology (JCT), Israel. She received her M.Sc at the Biophysical Schottenstein Center, Bar-Ilan University, Physics Department and is currently in the final stages of completing studies for her Ph.D. degree.
Abstract:
The ability to differentiate between leukocyte types by fluorescence properties of the cationic dye Basic Orange 21 (BO21) were tested. The fluorescence properties of BO21 in solutions, in solids and within leukocytes were examined. The quantum yield of BO21 was found to be less than 0.2% with extremely high fluorescence polarization . A thorough analytical and experimental investigation of these phenomena indicated that the very short lifetime of BO21 in water is the most probable reason for the high fluorescence polarization of BO21 in water. However, upon addition of heparin, a large anionic molecule within basophil cells, to aqua BO21, the fluorescence polarization dramatically dropped and fluorescence lifetime lengthened. The low quantum yield increased up to 70 times by altering viscosity of the host glycerol in a controlled manner, hence supporting the perception that BO21 is a molecular rotor – a finding which is suggested for the first time and was assessed by a time-dependent DFT.The fluorescence properties of BO21 in the RBL, the Molt-4 and the U937 cell lines, which are established from leukocyte populations of basophils, T-lymphoblast and monocytes, respectively, were investigated at single-cell resolution. In RBL, BO21 exhibits a red shift of the absorption spectra from 485nm to 550nm, while in the Molt-4 and U937 absorption is not observed. However, a green fluorescence (excitation at 480nm) is observed in all three cell types, while a red fluorescence (excitation at 550nm) is obsereved mainly in basophils. From the differences in the absorption and fluorescence properties of BO21 in the three leukocyte types, a SVM (support vector machine) classifier was created, which produced a high success rate.
A.ZEGHARI
Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
Title: Monte Carlo study of photon dose distributions produced by saturne 43 linear accelerator
Biography:
A.ZEGHARI has folowed his PhD study at the therty years at the Faculty of Science Rabat/University Med 5 Rabat.. He has participated in many international conference and workshop
Abstract:
BEAMnrc is a Monte Carlo (MC) code for simulation of photon and electron transport in the radiotherapy field. The purpose of this paper was to develop a technique to derive best estimates for the energy and intensity distribution of the incident electron beam by comparing calculated and measured values for the linear accelerator (linac) Saturne 43 machine. We varied the initial electron energy and full width half maximum (FWHM) of the radius of the electron beam incident on the tungsten target to find the percentage depth dose(PDD), dose profile(DP) curves, the tissue-phantom ratio TPR20/10, the energy fluence distribution and angular distribution for a square field size 10×10 cm2. It is found that our results were quantitatively in good agreement with experimental PDD and lateral proï¬le at 10 cm depth. The TPR20/10 was agreed well with the literature publisher works. Furthermore, we could reduce the discrepancy between measured and calculated data photon dose distributions to 1.5%/1mm in the gamma index method for the energy 11.8 MeV and FWHM= 0.17 cm. MC simulation of the treatment head of the Saturne 43 machine was successfully done changing the initial properties of electron source in the MC BEAMnrc code.
Biography:
Moein Zarei has completed his BS degree in Material Engineering and MS degree in Tissue Engineering from Islamic Azad University, Iran. He has published one paper in a reputed journal and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.
Abstract:
In this study, regarding the importance of optimal design and unique role of a scaffold in tissue regeneration and repair, a series of poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposite scaffolds with five different samples concentrations of CNTs (0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, and 1.25% w/v) was prepared by electrospinning for tissue engineering applications. Morphological evaluation of scaffolds by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that, the addition of CNTs increased the average fiber diameter; for instance, from 210 nm (neat PHB) to 500 nm at 1.0% CNTs. To determine the physico-chemical properties of scaffolds, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used and it showed the presence of CNTs into fibers. The analysis of mechanical properties of the PHB/CNTs composites by using universal testing machine (UTM) revealed great improvement over pure PHB scaffold, so that the tensile strength in presence of only 0.5% CNTs was 5.15 MPa from 2 MPa. The bioactivity of scaffolds were analyzed by placing them in simulated body fluid (SBF) environment and the absorption level of Ca2+ in the SBF solution showed that CNTs increase the bioactivity of scaffolds. The wettability of the scaffolds was evaluated with a conventional sessile drop method. The results of the contact angles of scaffolds surface showed that CNTs treatment increases the surface wettability. The attachment ability and viability of osteosarcoma cell lines MG-63 in the presence of the scaffolds were also investigated. The attachment and proliferation of MG-63 were significantly increased in the PHB/CNTs scaffolds compared
with the PHB control. Therefore, the PHB/CNTs composite scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning may be potentially useful in tissue engineering applications .
Azadeh Ghouchani
Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran
Title: Voxel-based finite element model of a reconstructed bone: simulating a bone tumor surgery
Biography:
Azadeh Ghouchani has received her MSc from Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT) and is now a PhD candidate in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at AUT. She has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and conferences on Finite Element methods.
Abstract:
Finite element (FE) modeling is used to simulate the surgery procedure of a bone tumor. Accurate geometry of bone and material properties assigned are very important in FE modeling. Material properties of bone are very complex. Hence, a sophisticated method to address bones material heterogeneity is necessary. Voxel-based finite element method using quantitative CT (QCT) and Simpleware is presented. A cavity in the distal part of a femur allograft was created and filled with cement to simulate the surgery, and QCT scanned was taken. A calibration phantom with five tubes having known densities was also used during the scan. The DICOM images were imported in Simpleware software to segment the bone from the surrounding and the 3D model of reconstructed bone was created. Homogenous material property was assigned for cement as there was no variation in its properties. Heterogeneous material mapping procedure was chosen for bone due to the great variation of its properties. In greyscale based material properties mapping, the average Hounsfield unit (HU) within each of the calibration tubes was calculated and a linear curve was fitted to the points corresponding to HU and density values. The equation of this curve was used to convert the greyscales to bone mineral density. The FE models were generated by conversion of each voxel into an 8-node brick element. Using experimental equations, the young modules of the elements were also calculated according to their densities. The model described, can be used to predict the outcome of tumor surgery, and predict the risk of postoperative fracture.